:root {
  --bg: #FBFCFD;
  --text: #1E293B;
  --muted:#5B6675;
  --border: #E3E8EE;
  --soft:#F2F6FA;
  --link: #175EA6; 
  --max-width: 80%;
  --textsize: 18px;
  --bg_researchGroup: #F2F6FA;
  --bgHeader: #F2F6FA;
  --bgHeaderScrolled: #1E293B;
  --HeaderborderScrolled: #14202E;
  --HeadertextScrolled: #F2F6FA;
  --Papertitle:rgb(19, 104, 195);
  --fontfamily: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  color-scheme: light;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--bg);
  color: var(--text);
  font-family: var(--fontfamily);
  font-size: var(--textsize);
  line-height: 1.62;
}

img {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
}

a {
  color: var(--link);
  text-decoration: none;
}

a:hover,
a:focus-visible {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

a:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--link);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}
a:not([href]),
a[href=""] {
  cursor: default;       /* no pointer hand */
  text-decoration: none; /* no underline, including on hover */
  pointer-events: none;  /* fully non-interactive */
}

.container {
  width: min(calc(100% - 32px), var(--max-width));
  margin: 0 auto;
}


/* Header and navigation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*/
.site-header {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--bgHeader);
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  z-index: 100;
  transition: background-color 0.3s ease, border-color 0.3s ease;
}

.site-header.is-scrolled {
  background: var(--bgHeaderScrolled);
  border-color: var(--HeaderborderScrolled);
  border-width: 2px;
}
.site-header.is-scrolled .site-title      { color: var(--HeadertextScrolled); }
.site-header.is-scrolled .site-nav a      { color: var(--HeadertextScrolled); }
.site-header.is-scrolled .site-nav a:hover,
.site-header.is-scrolled .site-nav a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--HeadertextScrolled); }

.header-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  min-height: 50px;
  width: 95%;
}

.site-title {
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.site-title:hover,
.site-title:focus-visible {
  color: var(--text);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.site-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 22px;
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 14px;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.site-nav a {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.site-nav a[aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--Papertitle);
  font-weight: bold;
}
.site-nav a:hover,
.site-nav a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--link);
}



.main-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 340px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 48px;
  padding: 64px 0 36px;
}

.content-page {
  max-width: var(--max-width);
  padding: 58px 0 48px;
}

.page-heading {
  margin-bottom: 42px;
}

.page-heading p {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 18px;
}


/* Headings and text ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*/
h1,
h2,
h3,
p {
  margin-top: 0;
}

h1 {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  font-size: 38px;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.researchTitle{
  text-align: center;
}


h2 {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  font-size: 24px;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

h3 {
  margin-bottom: 7px;
  font-size: 19px;
  line-height: 1.35;
}


/* Image Settings ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*/
.portrait {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--soft);
}

.portrait img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
  object-fit: cover;

}

.portrait figcaption {
  display: none;
  min-height: 220px;
  padding: 24px;
  color: var(--muted);
  place-items: center;
  text-align: center;
}

.portrait.is-missing figcaption {
  display: grid;
}

.portrait figcaption span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 6px;
  color: var(--text);
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
}


/* Contact Block ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*/
.contact-block {
  margin-top: 5px;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  text-align: left;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--muted);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--muted);
  

}

.contact-block h2 {
  margin-bottom: 5px;
  font-size: 20px;
 
}

.contact-line {
  margin-bottom: 0px;
}


.page-section {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--muted);
  padding: 34px 0 42px;
  
}


/* NEWS Section ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*/
.news-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 12px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.news-list li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 120px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 18px;
}

.news-list time,
.paper-meta,
.site-footer {
  color: var(--muted);
}



/* Research Section ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*/

.research-section {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding-top: 20px;
}

.researchGroup {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--bgHeaderScrolled);
  color: var(--HeadertextScrolled);
  text-align: center;
  padding: 20px 0 20px;
}


/* Paper Entry Style ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*/
.paper {
  padding: 0 0;
  margin-top: 30px;
}

.paper-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  cursor: pointer;
  list-style: none;            
}

.paper-head::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.paper-head:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--link);
  outline-offset: 4px;
}

.paper-title {
  margin: 0 0 0 0;
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: bold;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: var(--Papertitle);
}
.paper-authors {
  margin:-5px 0 0 20px;
  font-size:var(--textsize);
  color: var(--text) ;
}

.paper-toggle {
  flex: none;
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  margin-top: 5px;
  position: relative;
}
.paper-toggle::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 2px;
  left: 3px;
  width: 9px;
  height: 9px;
  border-right: 2px solid var(--Papertitle);
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--Papertitle);
  transform: rotate(45deg);         /* points down when collapsed */
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}
.paper[open] .paper-toggle::before {
  transform: rotate(-135deg);       /* points up when open */
}

.paper-body {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--muted);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--muted);
  margin-top: 5px;
  padding-top: 5px;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
  margin-left: 20px;
  text-align: justify;
}
.paper-body p { margin: 0 0 5px; }




/* Footer ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*/
.site-footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding: 24px 0 34px;
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
}

.site-footer p {
  margin: 0;
}


/* Mobile ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*/
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .container {
    width: calc(100% - 32px);
  }

  .header-inner {
    width: 100%;
    gap: 12px;
  }

  .site-title {
    font-size: 20px;
  }

  .site-nav {
    gap: 14px;
    font-size: 13px;
  }

  .main-layout {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 28px;
    padding: 32px 0 24px;
  }

  .profile-card {
    max-width: 320px;
    margin: 0 auto;
  }

  h1 {
    font-size: 30px;
  }

  .news-list li {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 2px;
  }
}